The genus Beltrania Penz. was erected to accomodate a specimen collected in Italy and the etymology is a tribute to Viti Beltrani. This genus was described as setae with radially lobed basal cells, conidiophores with separating cells, and biconic conidia with a hyaline transverse band and an apical tubular appendage (Zheng et al., 2019).

This is a species found in association with decaying leaf material in forest floor, especially humid forests, where there is a large production of organic matter. However, in impacted environments where there is a reduction of vegetation, this species may decline erely.

Distribution: in subtropical climate or cosmopolitan

Beltrania rhombica seems to be mostly distributed in the tropical forests of the South Hemisphere, although it has been registered in all continents, except Antarctica. B. rhombica is the type of the genus and considered very common in litter (Ellis 1971, Gusmão; Grandi 1996).

This species is commonly collected associated with leaf litter.

None

There is no record of this species for deserts in the world and in the Antarctica. In Brazil, there are no records for some ecosystems associated with the Atlantic Forest Domain such as Coastal Trays, Dunes and Mangroves.

Beltrania rhombica produces volatile compounds with the potential for biological control of plant diseases.
Two bioactive compounds of the eudesmane sesquiterpenes (rhombidiol and rhombitriol) were isolated from Beltrania rhombica (Rukachaisirikul et al., 2005).