• Proposed
  • 2Under Assessment
  • 3Preliminary Assessed
  • 4Assessed
  • 5Published

Geastrum neoamericanum J.O. Sousa, Accioly, M.P. Martín & Baseia

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Scientific name
Geastrum neoamericanum
Author
J.O. Sousa, Accioly, M.P. Martín & Baseia
Common names
 
IUCN Specialist Group
Mushroom, Bracket and Puffball
Kingdom
Fungi
Phylum
Basidiomycota
Class
Agaricomycetes
Order
Geastrales
Family
Geastraceae
Assessment status
Proposed
Proposed by
Larissa Trierveiler-Pereira
Comments etc.
Larissa Trierveiler-Pereira

Assessment Notes

Taxonomic notes

Unexpanded basidiomata epigeous, yellowish white (4A2), citriform to lacrimiform, 5–9 × 3–8 mm, surface tomentose to rugulose when mature, not encrusted. Subiculum white (4A1), covering the substrate, producing exudate in some basidiomata. Expanded basidiomata saccate, 3–8 mm high × 8–10 mm wide. Exoperidium splitting into 5–6 revolute, triangular rays, 2–3 mm diam, non-hygroscopic. Mycelial layer yellowish white (4A2) to orange white (5A2), surface rugose, tomentose to papery when mature, not encrusted, persistent. Fibrous layer papery, white (4A1). Pseudoparenchymatous layer brown (6D4) to orange grey (5B4), persistent. Endoperidial body greyish brown (6F3) to orange grey (5C3), subglobose to depressed–globose, 3–5 × 4–6 mm sessile, glabrous. Peristome fimbriate, with folds on apex, delimited by a line brownish grey (6F2) to greyish brown (5C3), lighter than endoperidium, mammiform, < 1 mm high. Columella ampuliform, 4.5 × 0.6 mm, central, inconspicuous, orange white (5A2). Subiculum composed of hyaline, filamentous, slender hyphae, 0.6–1.7 μm diam, dextrinoid, strongly sinuous. Rhizomorphs composed of hyaline, slender hyphae, 1.2–2.5 μm diam, surface encrusted, lumen not evident, surface covered by crystals, with narrow oblique prism shape. Mycelial layer formed of hyaline, thick-walled (0.5–1.2 μm diam) hyphae, 5.3–10.1 μm diam, dextrinoid, surface not encrusted, lumen evident, branched apex. Fibrous layer formed of hyaline, thick-walled (0.6–1.3 μm diam) hyphae, 5.1–9.5 μm diam, surface encrusted, lumen non–evident. Pseudoparenchymatous layer formed by brownish hyphal cells, subglobose to pyriform, 32.6–59.5 × 23.4–40.8 μm, thick–walled (0.9–1.8 μm diam). Eucapillitium dark brown, 2.7–4.0 μm diam, thin–walled (0.5–0.8 μm diam), surface slightly encrusted, no lumen evident. Basidia yellowish, thin-walled (0.4–0.7 μm), clavate, pyriform to lageniform, 9.2–18.7 × 7.5–15.5 μm. Basidiospores brownish, globose to subglobose, 3.8–5.1 × 3.7–4.9 μm (x = 4.3 ± 0.3 × 4.2 ± 0.3, Qm = 1.03, n = 90), ornamentation conspicuous in LM, densely verrucose under SEM, medium warts (0.43–0.91 μm high) with planar tips.


Why suggested for a Global Red List Assessment?

The species is known from several localities in the Neotropics, thus, we suggest this species to be categorized as Least Concern (LC).


Geographic range

This species has a Neotropical distribution (4 countries).


Population and Trends

There are 10 records according to original description, most of them from Brazil (5).

Population Trend: Uncertain


Habitat and Ecology

This species has a Neotropical distribution. Found in the biome Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests of the Brazil (Alto Paraná, Atlantic forests, Bahia coastal forests, Pernambuco coastal forests, Pernambuco interior forests, Uatumã-Trombetas moist forests) and the Guiana shield (Suriname and French Guiana, Guyanan lowland moist forest ecoregion), and in the Caribbean (Guadeloupe, Martinique). Cespitose basidiomata grow on abundant subiculum, on decaying wood

Subtropical/Tropical Dry ForestSubtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland ForestSubtropical/Tropical Moist Shrubland

Threats

In Brazil, this species is found in the Atlantic Forest, a hotspot, and in the Amazonia (currently being deforested at the highest rates in the last decades).

Housing & urban areasCommercial & industrial areasAgro-industry farmingAgro-industry plantationsAgro-industry grazing, ranching or farmingMining & quarryingRoads & railroads

Conservation Actions

Reports in Brazil are from protected and unprotected area.

Site/area protection

Research needed

It is important to better understand the species distribution in the neotropics.

Population size, distribution & trends

Use and Trade

None

Unknown

Bibliography


Country occurrence

Regional Population and Trends

Country Trend Redlisted